Acta Stomatologica Cappadocia

Facial Blanching As An Unusual Complication After The Injection of Local Anesthesia: A Clinical Report

HILAL ERDOGAN — 2022-12-31

Facial blanching can be seen as an unexpected complication related to local anesthesia in dentistry. Anatomical variation, intravascular injection, rapid local anesthetic injection, decreased blood flow with the vasopressor effect of epinephrine, ortho-retrograde movement of solution, incorrect positioning of the needle, and neurological origin may cause this phenomenon, the etiology of which is not fully known. Most of the blanching cases reported in the literature are related with injection of the inferior alveolar nerve block also, intra-extraoral clinical photography is limited. Supraperiosteal infiltration anesthesia is a safe and easy technique that is frequently used in daily practice in dental clinics. This unique case report describes partial blanching of the face and gingiva after supraperiosteal infiltration of vasoconstrictor containing local anesthetic into the maxilla. In addition, the clinical-anatomical relationship of facial-mucosal blanching with the injection site, literature information, and clinical management with this complication are explained.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) Oil Mouthwash on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans: In Vitro Pilot Study

Pelin Özmen — 2022-12-31

Statement of Problem: In vitro efficacy studies should be conducted for alternatives to mouthwashes that are strong but have side effects such as chlorhexidine, derived from herbal oils and with known antimicrobial activity.

Objective: Herbal mouthwashes have attracted attention recently due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects and fewer side effects than chemical preparations. In this case; Investigations of gingivitis and periodontitis agents Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans on mouthwashes containing Melaluca alternifolia (tea tree oil, TTO) were investigated and the comparison evaluation with the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX), which is accepted as the gold standard.

Material-Method: A 2% concentration of TTO was prepared, and suspensions of microorganisms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans by Mc Farland 0.5 standard were obtained. The macrodilution tube method was used to determine the lowest concentration inhibiting growth, and the disk diffusion method was used to determine the growth inhibition zones. Each method was applied for both TTO and CHX.

Results: It was determined that TTO did not inhibit the growth of S. mutans and C.albicans at 2% concentration and MIC value could not be obtained. On the other hand, it was observed that after the treatment of C.albicans with CHX, an inhibition diameter of 10 mm and S.mutans formed an inhibition diameter of 20 mm.

Conclusion: TTO cannot be a successful alternative to CHX for its 2% concentration; It has been concluded that it can increase its antimicrobial effect with different concentrations and other essential oil combinations.

Cytocompatibility of Novel Algae-PLA Membranes For Guided Bone Regeneration At The Level of Types I, III And V Collagen Expression

Aydin Gülses — 2022-12-31

In recent years, the development of innovative and increasingly optimized barrier membranes has focused on marine algae, which as a biopolymer can form a membrane composite together with polylactic acid, thus a combination could show numerous advantages such as antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral as well as antiallergic properties. Furthermore, algae can be produced in an ecologically sustainable way and offer an alternative for patients who refuse treatment with bovine or porcine derived membranes due to ethical or religious reasons.

In this study, four different algal membranes were evaluated for their cytocompatibility with cultured human fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Mem-Lok^® (Collagen Matrix, New Jersey, USA) as a resorbable collagen membrane and Argonaut^TM (Botiss Biomaterials, Zossen, Germany) as a native pericardium GBR/GTR membrane served as reference membranes (RMs). As the negative control cells incubated with normal culture medium only were used. In addition to the cell viability and proliferation assays water soluble tetrazolium (WST), MTT and BrdU, a real time semi-quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) was developed to investigate in vitro cytocompatibility at the level of types I, III and V collagen expression. A sandblasted-large grid-acid ached titanium surface (Dentcon^® Dental Implant Systems, Ankara, Turkey) served as a positive inactive control group for osteoblastic cytocompatibility.

For human osteoblasts, the algal membranes showed very good proliferation levels in WST-1, MTT as well as BrdU, indicating cytocompatibility. Examination of the expression behavior of type I, type III, and type V collagen genes showed no evaluable results. However, the RT-PCR should be repeated with the incorporated optimizations to be able to make a statement regarding the success of bone, skin, and connective tissue regeneration after a possible application of the membrane in maxillofacial injury treatment. The investigated collagen types are essential for a proper healing of defects in both soft and bone tissue, as they have fundamental functions such as stability and structural integrity of the tissues.

Effect of Different Protocols on The Microleakage of A Fissure Sealant Applied During Saliva Contamination

Hamdi Cem Güngör — 2022-12-31

Objective: The effect of different protocols to minimize the effect of saliva contamination on the microleakage of a resin based fissure sealant material (3M Clinpro^™ Sealant) was investigated. Materials and Methods: Extracted human third molars (n=160) were used: Group A. Etch-and-rinse adhesive (Prime & Bond One Select); Group B. Self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond). These comprised eight paired subgroups where enameloplasty was done (or not), saliva contamination occurred before (or after) the polymerization of the bonding agent and the entire procedure was repeated (or not) following saliva contamination before the sealant application. Following thermocycling, the samples were immersed in basic fuchsin, sectioned, and dye penetration was quantitatively assessed with ImageJ. The data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). Results: Significantly less microleakage was observed in Group A (P=0.000). Intergroup differences with respect to the effect of adhesive type, enameloplasty, saliva contamination occurred after the polymerization of the bonding agent and repeating the entire procedure following saliva contamination were significant (p<0.05, each). Enameloplasty reduced microleakage in subgroups of A and B (P=0.002 and P=0.014, respectively). Saliva contamination after the polymerization of the bonding agent resulted in less microleakage in subgroups of A and B (P=0.01 and P=0.002, respectively). Less microleakage was observed in subgroups of A and B where the entire procedure was repeated following saliva contamination (P=0.000, both). Conclusions: The use of etch-and-rinse adhesive, enameloplasty, saliva contamination occurring after the polymerization of the bonding agent and repeating the entire procedure reduced microleakage of the fissure sealant applied during saliva contamination.

Effect of Different Surface Finishing Procedures on Color Stability of Leucite-reinforced Feldspathic CAD-CAM Ceramic

İpek Balevi Akkese — 2023-01-06

Statement of the problem: The color stability of newly introduced leucite-reinforced feldspathic CAD-CAM ceramic with different surface treatments remains unclear.

Objective: This in-vitro study aimed to examine the effect of different surface finishing procedures on the color stability of leucite-reinforced feldspathic CAD-CAM ceramic.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four monochromatic, leucite-reinforced, A2-shaded feldspathic ceramic specimens prepared in 1 mm thickness. The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups according to their surface finishing methods (n=8): a control group without surface finishing (Group C), surface finishing with polishing discs (Sof-Lex, 3M ESPE), and surface finishing with glaze (Group G). All the specimens were immersed in a coffee solution and kept in an incubator at 37 °C for 14 days. Initial color measurements were made with a digital spectrophotometer and the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* values were recorded. The color measurements were repeated at the ends of the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th, and 14^th days with the spectrophotometer under the same conditions. The color change of the specimens was calculated with the CIEDE2000 (ΔE₀₀) formula. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with a two-way mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α=0.05).

Results: Time and surface finishing procedures caused statistically significant color changes in the specimens (P<0.05). However, the interaction of time and surface finishing was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The lowest mean ΔE₀₀ value was observed in Group G on day 14 (0.93 ± 0.74); the highest mean ΔE00 value was found in Group P on the 3rd and 14th days (2.16 ± 0.72). While the C and G groups exhibited similar color change values, Group P caused higher ΔE₀₀values compared to the glaze application (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, glaze application led to less color change compared with disk polishing. Glazing can be preferred to polishing to ensure long-term color stability in leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramics.

The Need for Re-education of Dental Practitioners Regarding the Management of Dental Infections During The COVID-19 Pandemic: From The Perspective of A Dual-Degree Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic

Aydin Gülses — 2022-12-31

Gulses, Aydin. “The Need For Re-education of Dental Practitioners Regarding The Management
of Dental Infections During The COVID-19 Pandemic: From The Perspective of
A Dual-Degree Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic”. Acta Stomatologica Cappadocia.
2;2 (December 2022): 4-6.